Google

Pleural Effusion and Pneumothorax

Pleural effusion – is the accumulation of fluids in the pleural space.
Pneumothorax – is the accumulation of air in the pleural space.

Types of Pleural Effusion
  1. Hemothorax (bloob)
  2. Pyothorax/ empyema (pus)
  3. Hydrothorax (water)
Causes:
  1. Trauma
  2. Thoracic surgery
  3. Positive Pressure Ventilation
  4. Thoracentesis
  5. CVP line insertion
  6. Emphysema
Assessment:
  1. Sudden sharp pain
  2. Shortness of breath
  3. Anxiety/ restlessness
  4. Tachycardia
  5. Diminished/ absent breath sounds
  6. Increased RR
  7. Chest tightness
  8. Chest asymmetry
  9. Deviation of larynx/ trachea towards unaffected side
  10. Cyanosis
  11. Tympanitic sound on chest percussion
Nursing Intervention:
  1. Remain with patient and stay calm.
  2. High – Fowler’s position
  3. Pain Management
  4. O2 therapy
  5. Chest tube/ Thoracentesis
  6. Chest X-ray
  7. ABG’s (Arterial Blood Gas)
  8. Monitor Shock