- Amenorrhea- absence of menses; ovulation inhibited by increased progesterone and estrogen level.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Increased breast sensitivity and breast changes - from increasing estrogen level.
- Integumentary changes - increased pigmentation in localized areas.
- Constipation
- Frequent urination - due to increased renal blood and plasma flow; increased GFR.
- Quickening.
- Abdominal enlargement.
- Uterine enlargement
- Hegar's sign - softening of the lower segment of the uterus.
- Goodell's sign - softening of the cervix due to increased body supply.
- Chadwick's sign - purplish discoloration of the vaginal mucosa.
- Ballottement - when fetus rebounds against examiner's fingers during palpation.
- Braxton Hick's contraction
- Positive pregnancy test: HCG, reliable by 90-98%
- Fetal Heart Tone (FHT) can be heard.
- X-ray or ultrasound of fetus (by 6-8 weeks)
- Palpable fetal movements
