1. Disturbances in perception:
- Illusion - misperception of an actual external.
- Hallucination - false sensory perception in the absence of external stimuli
- Neologism - pathological coining of new words
- Circumstantiality - over inclusion of details
- Word salad - incoherent mixture of words and phrases
- Verbigeration - meaningless repetition of words or phrases
- Perseveration - persistence of a response to previous question
- Echolalia - pathological repetition of words of others
- Flight of ideas - shifting of one topic from on£ subject to another in a somewhat related way
- Looseness of association - shifting of a topic from me subject to another in a completely unrelated way
- Clang association - the sound of the word gives direction to the flow of thought
- Delusion - false belief which is inconsistent with one's knowledge and culture
- Inappropriate affect - disharmony between the stimuli and the emotional reaction
- Blunted affect - severe reduction in emotional reaction
- Flat affect - absence or near absence of emotional reaction
- Apathy - dulled emotional tone
- Ambivalence - presence of two opposing feelings
- Depersonalization - feeling of strangeness towards ones self
- Derealization - feeling of strangeness towards the environment
4. Disturbances in Motor Activity
- Echopraxia - the pathological imitation of posture/ action of others
- Waxy flexibility - maintaining the desired position for long periods of time without discomfort
- Confabulation - filling in of memory gaps
- Amnesia - Inability to recall past events
- Anterograde amnesia - loss of memory of the immediate past
- Retrograde amnesia - loss of memory of the distant past
- Déjà vu - feeling of having been to place which one has not yet visited
- Jamais vu - feeling of not having been to a place which one has visited
